Free Essays on Homogeneous Grouping

Is homogeneous grouping or heterogeneous grouping best for students? Wynne Harlen of the SCRE Center reviewed research on the effects of grouping pupils and found much ambiguity. In this article he states that research can produce enough evidence to support both types of grouping. He goes on to say this area is very difficult to research because of all the different variables that effect learning . The class size, ability range, teaching methods, materials, the attitude of the teacher towards grouping and the curriculum content are all variables that effect the performance of students. According to Wynne Harlen of the SCRE Center there is something to please everyone-some studies lend support to grouping by ability, some point in the opposite direction and many show that there is little difference that can be ascribed only to the type of grouping. The better question is which grouping best compliments a teacher’s style of teaching? The most effective teaching is when a teacher combines her personal style of teaching with professional knowledge within an environment comfortable for the students and the teacher. Research indicates the range and diversity of results when evaluating particular school environments is impressive. One type of grouping may be quite successful in some schools yet very disappointing in other schools. It appears that content of instruction and instructional strategies implemented by the teacher is the pivot point of learning. A well constructed program that brings students together in a safe learning environment seems to yield tangible results. Just as we should not judge students and label them it is just as important not to judge a teacher’s preference of grouping. Teachers are as different and unique as the students they teach. When given the opportunity to group according to preference teachers are more at ease and more competent in their ability to meet the ... Free Essays on Homogeneous Grouping Free Essays on Homogeneous Grouping Is homogeneous grouping or heterogeneous grouping best for students? Wynne Harlen of the SCRE Center reviewed research on the effects of grouping pupils and found much ambiguity. In this article he states that research can produce enough evidence to support both types of grouping. He goes on to say this area is very difficult to research because of all the different variables that effect learning . The class size, ability range, teaching methods, materials, the attitude of the teacher towards grouping and the curriculum content are all variables that effect the performance of students. According to Wynne Harlen of the SCRE Center there is something to please everyone-some studies lend support to grouping by ability, some point in the opposite direction and many show that there is little difference that can be ascribed only to the type of grouping. The better question is which grouping best compliments a teacher’s style of teaching? The most effective teaching is when a teacher combines her personal style of teaching with professional knowledge within an environment comfortable for the students and the teacher. Research indicates the range and diversity of results when evaluating particular school environments is impressive. One type of grouping may be quite successful in some schools yet very disappointing in other schools. It appears that content of instruction and instructional strategies implemented by the teacher is the pivot point of learning. A well constructed program that brings students together in a safe learning environment seems to yield tangible results. Just as we should not judge students and label them it is just as important not to judge a teacher’s preference of grouping. Teachers are as different and unique as the students they teach. When given the opportunity to group according to preference teachers are more at ease and more competent in their ability to meet the ...

Suleiman the Magnificent, Sultan of the Ottoman Empire

Suleiman the Magnificent, Sultan of the Ottoman Empire Suleiman the Magnificent (November 6, 1494–September 6, 1566) became the Sultan of the Ottoman Empire  in 1520, heralding the Golden Age of the Empires long history before his death. Perhaps best known for his overhaul of the Ottoman government during his reign, Suleiman was known by many names, including The LawGiver. His rich character and even richer contribution to the region and the Empire helped make it a source of great wealth in prosperity for years to come, ultimately leading to the foundation of several nations in Europe and the Middle East we know today. Fast Facts: Suleiman the Magnificent Known For: Sultan of the Ottoman EmpireAlso Known As: Kanunà ® Sultan Sà ¼leyman, Sultan Sà ¼leyman Han bin Selim Han, The Law Giver, Suleiman the FirstBorn: November 6, 1494 in Trabzon,  Ottoman EmpireParents: Selim I, Hafsa SultanDied: September 6, 1566 in Szigetvr,  Kingdom of Hungary,  Habsburg MonarchyEducation: TopkapÄ ± Palace  in  ConstantinopleSpouse(s): Mahidevran Hatun (consort), Hà ¼rrem Sultan (consort and, later, wife)Children: Åžehzade Mahmud, Åžehzade Mustafa,  Konya, Sehzade Murad, Åžehzade Mehmed, Åžehzade Abdullah, Sultan Selim II,  Hagia Sophia  Mosque), Åžehzade Bayezid,  Qazvin,  Ã…žehzade Cihangir,  Konya, Mihrimah Sultan,  AyÅŸe Hà ¼maÅŸah Sultan, Sultanzade Mehmed Bey, Sultanzade Osman Bey, Raziye Sultan   Early Life Suleiman was born the only surviving son of Sultan Selim I of the Ottoman Empire and Aishe Hafsa Sultan of the Crimean Khanate.  As a child, he studied at the Topkapi Palace in Istanbul where he learned theology, literature, science, history, and warfare. He also became fluent in six languages there: Ottoman Turkish, Arabic, Serbian, Chagatai Turkish (similar to Uighur), Farsi, and Urdu. Suleiman was fascinated by Alexander the Great  in his youth and would later program military expansion that has been attributed to being inspired in part by Alexanders conquests. As sultan, Suleiman would lead 13 major military expeditions and spend more than 10 years of his 46-year reign out on campaigns. His father ruled quite successfully and left his son in a remarkably secure position with the Janissaries  (members of the Sultans household troops) at the height of their usefulness; the Mamluks  defeated; and the great maritime power of Venice, as well as the Persian Safavid Empire, humbled by the Ottomans. Selim also left his son a powerful navy, a first for a Turkic ruler. Ascent to the Throne Suleimans father entrusted his son with the governorships of different regions within the Ottoman Empire from the age of 17. When Suleiman was 26 in 1520, Selim I died and Suleiman ascended the throne. Although he was of age, his mother served as co-regent. The new sultan immediately launched his program of military conquest and imperial expansion. In 1521, he put down a revolt by the governor of Damascus, Canberdi Gazali. Suleimans father had conquered the area that is now Syria in 1516, using it as a wedge between the Mamluk sultanate and the Safavid Empire, where they had appointed Gazali as the governor. On January 27, 1521, Suleiman defeated Gazali, who died in battle. In July of the same year, the Sultan laid siege to Belgrade, a fortified city on the Danube River. He used both a land-based army and a flotilla of ships to blockade the city and prevent reinforcement. Belgrade, part of modern Serbia, belonged to the Kingdom of Hungary in Suleimans time. The city fell to Suleimans forces on August 29, 1521, removing the last obstacle to an Ottoman advance into Central Europe. Before he launched his major assault on Europe, Suleiman wanted to take care of an annoying gadfly in the Mediterranean- Christian holdovers from the Crusades, the Knights Hospitallers. This group, based on the Island of Rhodes, had been capturing Ottoman and other Muslim nations ships, stealing cargoes of grain and gold, and enslaving the crews. The Knights Hospitallers piracy even imperiled Muslims who set sail to make the haj, the pilgrimage to Mecca that is one of the Five Pillars of Islam. Battling Oppressive Christian Regimes in Rhodes Selim I had tried and failed to dislodge the Knights in 1480. During the intervening decades, the Knights used Muslim slave labor to strengthen and reinforce their fortresses on the island in anticipation of another Ottoman siege. Suleiman sent out that siege in the form of an armada of 400 ships carrying at least 100,000 troops to Rhodes. They landed on June 26, 1522, and laid siege to the bastions full of 60,000 defenders representing various western European countries: England, Spain, Italy, Provence, and Germany. Meanwhile, Suleiman himself led an army of reinforcements on a march to the coast, reaching Rhodes in late July. It took nearly half a year of artillery bombardment and detonating mines under the triple-layer stone walls, but on December 22, 1522, the Turks finally forced all of the Christian knights and the civilian inhabitants of Rhodes to surrender. Suleiman gave the knights 12 days to gather their belongings, including weapons and religious icons, and leave the island on 50 ships provided by the Ottomans, with most of the knights immigrating to Sicily. The local people of Rhodes also received generous terms and had three years to decide whether they wanted to remain on Rhodes under the Ottoman rule or move elsewhere. They would pay no taxes for the first five years, and Suleiman promised that none of their churches would be converted into mosques. Most of them decided to stay when the Ottoman Empire took nearly complete control of the eastern Mediterranean. Into Europes Heartland Suleiman faced several additional crises before he was able to launch his attack into Hungary, but unrest among the Janissaries and a 1523 revolt by the Mamluks in Egypt proved to be only temporary distractions. In April 1526, Suleiman began the march to the Danube. On August 29, 1526, Suleiman defeated King Louis II of Hungary in the Battle of Mohacs and supported the nobleman John Zapolya as the next king of Hungary. But the Hapsburgs in Austria put forward one of their princes, Louis IIs brother-in-law Ferdinand. The Hapsburgs marched into Hungary and took Buda, placing Ferdinand on the throne and sparking a decades-long feud with Suleiman and the Ottoman Empire. In 1529, Suleiman marched on Hungary once more, taking Buda from the Hapsburgs and then continuing to besiege the Hapsburg capital at Vienna. Suleimans army of perhaps 120,000 reached Vienna in late September, without most of their heavy artillery and siege machines. On October 11 and 12 of that year, they attempted another siege against 16,000 Viennese defenders, but Vienna managed to hold them off once more and the Turkish forces withdrew. The Ottoman sultan did not give up on the idea of taking Vienna, but his second attempt in 1532 was similarly hampered by rain and mud and the army never even reached the Hapsburg capital. In 1541, the two empires went to war again when the Hapsburgs laid siege to Buda, trying to remove Suleimans ally from the Hungarian throne. The Hungarians and Ottomans defeated the Austrians, and captured additional Hapsburg holdings in 1541 and again in 1544. Ferdinand was forced to renounce his claim to be king of Hungary and had to pay tribute to Suleiman, but even as all of these events happened to the north and west of Turkey, Suleiman also had to keep an eye on his eastern border with Persia. War With the Safavids The Safavid Persian Empire that ruled much of southwestern Asia  was one of the Ottomans great rivals and a fellow gunpowder empire. Its ruler, Shah Tahmasp, sought to extend Persian influence by assassinating the Ottoman governor of Baghdad and replacing him with a Persian puppet, and by convincing the governor of Bitlis in eastern Turkey to swear allegiance to the Safavid throne. Suleiman, busy in Hungary and Austria, sent his grand vizier with a second army to retake Bitlis in 1533, which also seized Tabriz, in present-day northeastern Iran, from the Persians. Suleiman himself returned from his second invasion of Austria and marched into Persia in 1534, but the Shah refused to meet the Ottomans in open battle, withdrawing into the Persian desert and using guerrilla hits against the Turks instead. Suleiman retook Baghdad and was reconfirmed as the true caliph of the Islamic world. From 1548 to 1549, Suleiman decided to overthrow his Persian gadfly for good and launched a second invasion of the Safavid Empire. Once more, Tahmasp refused to participate in a pitched battle, this time leading the Ottoman army up into the snowy, rugged terrain of the Caucasus Mountains. The Ottoman sultan gained territory in Georgia and the Kurdish borderlands between Turkey and Persia but was unable to come to grips with the Shah. The third and final confrontation between Suleiman and Tahmasp took place from 1553 to 1554. As always, the Shah avoided open battle, but Suleiman marched into the Persian heartland and laid it to waste. Shah Tahmasp finally agreed to sign a treaty with the Ottoman sultan, in which he got control of Tabriz in exchange for promising to cease border raids on Turkey and to permanently relinquish his claims to Baghdad and the rest of Mesopotamia. Maritime Expansion Descendants of Central Asian nomads, the Ottoman Turks were not historically a naval power. Nonetheless, Suleimans father established an Ottoman seafaring legacy in the Mediterranean Sea, the Red Sea, and even the Indian Ocean beginning in 1518. During Suleimans reign, Ottoman ships traveled to Mughal Indias trading ports, and the sultan exchanged letters with the Mughal Emperor Akbar the Great. The sultans Mediterranean fleet patrolled the sea under the command of the famous Admiral Heyreddin Pasha, known in the west as Barbarossa. Suleimans navy also managed to drive troublesome newcomers to the Indian Ocean system, the Portuguese, out of a key base at Aden on the coast of Yemen in 1538. However, the Turks were unable to dislodge the Portuguese from their toeholds along the west coasts of India and Pakistan. Suleiman the Lawgiver Suleiman the Magnificent is remembered in Turkey as Kanuni, the LawGiver. He completely overhauled the formerly piecemeal Ottoman legal system, and one of his first acts was to lift the embargo on trade with the Safavid Empire, which hurt Turkish traders at least as much as it did Persian ones. He decreed that all Ottoman soldiers would pay for any food or other property they took as provisions while on a campaign, even while in enemy territory. Suleiman also reformed the tax system, dropping extra taxes imposed by his father and establishing a transparent tax rate system that varied according to peoples income. Hiring and firing within the bureaucracy would be based on merit, rather than on the whims of higher officials or family connections. All Ottoman citizens, even the highest, were subject to the law. Suleimans reforms gave the Ottoman Empire a recognizably modern administration and legal system more than 450 years ago. He instituted protections for Christian and Jewish citizens of the Ottoman Empire, denouncing blood libels against the Jews in 1553 and freeing Christian farm laborers from serfdom. Succession Suleiman the Magnificent had two official wives and an unknown number of additional concubines, so he bore many offspring. His first wife, Mahidevran Sultan, bore him his eldest son, an intelligent and talented boy named Mustafa. His second wife, a former Ukrainian concubine named Hurrem Sultan, was the love of Suleimans life and gave him seven sons. Hurrem Sultan knew that according to the rules of the harem,​ if Mustafa became sultan he would have all of her sons killed to prevent them from trying to overthrow him. She started a rumor that Mustafa was interested in ousting his father from the throne, so in 1553 Suleiman summoned his eldest son to his tent in an army camp and had the 38-year-old strangled to death. This left the path clear for Hurrem Sultans first son Selim to come to the throne. Unfortunately, Selim had none of the good qualities of his half-brother and is remembered in history as Selim the Drunkard. Death In 1566, the 71-year-old Suleiman the Magnificent led his army on a final expedition against the Hapsburgs in Hungary. The Ottomans won the Battle of Szigetvar on September 8, 1566, but Suleiman died of a heart attack the previous day. His officials did not want word of his death to distract and discomfit his troops, so they kept it a secret for a month and a half while the Turkish troops finalized their control of the area. Suleimans body was prepared for transport back to Constantinople. To keep it from putrefying, the heart and other organs were removed and buried in Hungary. Today, a Christian church and a fruit orchard stand in the area where Suleiman the Magnificent, greatest of the Ottoman sultans, left his heart on the battlefield. Legacy Suleiman the Magnificent vastly expanded the size and significance of the Ottoman Empire and launched a Golden Age in Ottoman arts. Achievements in the areas of literature, philosophy, art, and architecture had a major impact on both Eastern and Western styles. Some of the buildings constructed during his empire still stand today, including edifices designed by Mimar Sinan. Sources Clot, Andrà ©Ã‚  (1992).  Suleiman the Magnificent: The Man, His Life, His Epoch. London: Saqi Books.  ISBN  978-0-86356-126-9.The Sultans. TheOttomans.org.Parry, V.J. â€Å"Sà ¼leyman the Magnificent.†Ã‚  Encyclopà ¦dia Britannica, 23 Nov. 2018.

Texas Judiciary Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Texas Judiciary - Assignment Example The police detective, Roberts, went beyond the normal limit when interrogating a murder suspect, Mr. Wilson. The detective used falsified records to show that the appellant had been involved in the murder through a fingerprints report. According to the detective, the prints were found on the magazine of the murder weapon. In this way, the detective lured the appellant into the confession that he indeed shot the victim. The trial judge refused to drop the evidence and denied the appellant request to recant the confession. The appellant court found out that the detective was in violation of the Texas Penal Code section 37.09 that inhibit the officers from using fabricated reports to get confessions from suspects. In addition, the court found out that the trial judge erred in admitting the evidence since it was inadmissible under clause 38.23 of the Code of Criminal Procedure. Despite the decision, several judges dissented on the opinion that detectives are faced with a hard task of bal ancing the societal concerns and the rights granted by the Constitution The fact that the appellant confessed the murder is enough to convict him otherwise the state would risk setting the guilty free due to the interrogation methods. If I were a judge, I would concur with the dissenters since the fact that the appellant confessed to a murder could be a starting point to get the reliability of the evidence. Fingerprints are unique and thus the appellant could not have confessed if he was pretty sure that he had not used the murder weapon.

New Business Concept Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

New Business Concept - Assignment Example They are able to procure furniture at significantly lower price compared to regular purchases of furniture. The nearby resident area where apartment sprawl in numbers are the main target market of Furniture Unlimited. The target market being apartment dwellers belongs in the lower middle class segment and therefore is sensitive to price which is advantageous to Furniture Unlimited because its furniture are more cost effective compared to the regular price of furniture. Its proximity to the market is also advantageous in reducing cost as freight expense will be relatively lower due to the short distance of the business to the market. If the customer is sensitive to cost, they could get the most value to their money because many of the furniture sold are heavily discounted it being a second hand. They also have a choice of low priced brand new furniture with the same advantage of procuring them at lower cost. Furnitures Unlimited will differentiate from its competitors in terms of pricing. Its target market are apartment dwellers who are price sensitive and it will make the business more attractive to this market segment by lowering its price significantly. This can be done by offering more choice of excellent quality second hand furniture at prices which customers cannot compete. Competitors who would engage in price war with Furniture Unlimited cannot compete because the furniture were bought at a discount while theirs were bought at a premium, it being brand new. The company set up shall Limited Liability Corporation to protect its owners from liability in case the company will not be successful. It will be managed both by John and Alex. John being a business major will serve as the general manager and will oversee the business. Alex is a furniture expert who would ensure that the second hand furniture sold to customers are still of excellent

The Perfect Cowboy Birthday Essay Example for Free

The Perfect Cowboy Birthday Essay This party is to welcome this man to adulthood by celebrating it with his favorite theme.   He will enjoy the festivities and appreciate the efforts made by his family and friends.   The strengths of this theme include the readily available props and decorative items for the theme.   There are many places to purchase the items to decorate the bar for this theme.   The weaknesses in this theme include the commonality of it.   It is rather difficult to come up with something new and original in a theme that has been done repeatedly.    The opportunities presented with this idea are to reach back into the days of the cowboy and create a scene from the past.   The threats involved include danger of some guests becoming intoxicated and having accidents after leaving the party.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The party will take place as a surprise party to celebrate Jerry’s twenty-first birthday.   It will be held at the local bar, which h as been reserved by Jerry’s girlfriend for a private party. This avoids issues with other bar patrons who may not like the party atmosphere.   A number of his friends and family will be invited to help Jerry celebrate his birthday.   The party will take place on the Saturday evening following Jerry’s birthday to avoid the need for him to have to go to work the next day.    The bar will be decorated with saddles, blankets, hay, cowboy boots and other items to fulfill the theme.   All of the guests were asked to dress for the part to make Jerry feel like he is part of one of the western movies he greatly enjoys.   In order to maintain a specific budget, a maximum dollar amount was given to the owners of the bar along with a selected menu and estimated number of guests.   The meal of steak, beans, corn bread, hot dogs and other traditional cowboy foods was selected. The food and cowboy themed cake will all be prepared by the staff at the bar within the selected budget.   Games will be included and prepared by planning staff and jerry’s friends.   The activities will include games such as cowboy themed charades and role playing games about Jerry’s favorite cowboy movies and events in his past.   After these a cowboy dance group will come in to do a performance for Jerry and his guests.   The evening will be topped off with a variety of drink selections to end the wine and dine ceremony and officially welcome Jerry to adulthood.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The risk assessment team met and expressed a few concerns with the plans.   Originally one of the planned activities was to rent a mechanical bull.   The committee felt this was far too dangerous especially if alcohol was involved with the party.   For this reason this item was removed from the plan.   The committee expressed concern with the younger party guests being present during the alcohol portion of the party and with guests leaving and driving after drinking. Upon taking these suggestions the under-age guests will be taken to Jerry’s home nearby by a friend where they can enjoy activities without concern of drinking or being involved in this activity.   Designated drivers will be present and in charge of all car keys to ensure safety of party guests.   The bar has passed all health and safety inspections and has adequate liability insurance to cover any accidents on the premises.   All applicable copyrights have been applied for.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   All care has been taken to make sure that Jerry becomes an adult in the most exciting and enjoyable way possible.   He has always liked cowboys and his girlfriend has gone to great lengths to make sure that his party has all of the elements to make sure it is the most realistic cowboy birthday possible.

The Use And Abuse Of History :: essays research papers

The Use and Abuse of History By Friedrich Nietzsche Forward "Incidentally, I despise everything which merely instructs me without increasing or immediately enlivening my activity." These are Goethe's words. With them, as with a heartfelt expression of Ceterum censeo [I judge otherwise], our consideration of the worth and the worthlessness of history may begin. For this work is to set down why, in the spirit of Goethe's saying, we must seriously despise instruction without vitality, knowledge which enervates activity, and history as an expensive surplus of knowledge and a luxury, because we lack what is still most essential to us and because what is superfluous is hostile to what is essential. To be sure, we need history. But we need it in a manner different from the way in which the spoilt idler in the garden of knowledge uses it, no matter how elegantly he may look down on our coarse and graceless needs and distresses. That is, we need it for life and action, not for a comfortable turning away from life and action or merely for glo ssing over the egotistical life and the cowardly bad act. We wish to use history only insofar as it serves living. But there is a degree of doing history and a valuing of it through which life atrophies and degenerates. To bring this phenomenon to light as a remarkable symptom of our time is every bit as necessary as it may be painful. I have tried to describe a feeling which has often enough tormented me. I take my revenge on this feeling when I expose it to the general public. Perhaps with such a description someone or other will have reason to point out to me that he also knows this particular sensation but that I have not felt it with sufficient purity and naturalness and definitely have not expressed myself with the appropriate certainty and mature experience. Perhaps one or two will respond in this way. However, most people will tell me that this feeling is totally wrong, unnatural, abominable, and absolutely forbidden, that with it, in fact, I have shown myself unworthy of the powerful historical tendency of the times, as it has been, by common knowledge, observed for the past two generations, particularly among the Germans. Whatever the reaction, now that I dare to expose myself with this natural description of my feeling, common decency will be fostered rather than shamed, because I am providing many oppor tunities for a contemporary tendency like the reaction just mentioned to make polite pronouncements.

Imformative speech Essay

Introduction Hasn’t everyone at some point in their life been peered pressured. Teenagers all across America face it every day. It ranges from cheating on a test to robbing a convenient store. Peer pressure is a serious life situation that everyone encounters at a certain point in their life. And let’s face it, just say no is not always that easy. Attention Gainer YouTube video, peer pressure. Reason to Listen/Credibility Peer pressure exists for all ages. Three-year-old Robert insists that his mother take him to the store right away and buy him the latest fad toy because his friends have it. When she doesn’t, he has a temper tantrum. Nine-year-old Sarah wears a new shirt to school once, then refuses to wear it again because her friends made fun if it. Jeff, at sixteen, works out three hours a day to have a â€Å"perfect† body. When one of his friends at the gym offers him some anabolic steroids, he accepts, sacrificing his health for his image. Meanwhile, Jeff’s forty-year-old father just took out a loan he couldn’t afford to buy a new BMW because most of his neighbors drive luxury cars, and he didn’t want them to think he couldn’t afford one too. No one is immune from peer pressure. Source: www.faqs.org 3 Preview Statement The word â€Å"peer† according to dictionary.cambridge.org is one belonging to the same social group especially based on age, grade or status. The word â€Å"pressure† is described as the burden of physical mental distress. Peer pressure is basically encouraging people similar to you to make certain choices, take certain actions or perform in some specific way. I will talk about three different kinds of peer pressure substance abuse, emotional, and positive forms of peer pressure. II. Body First Main Point The number one form of peer pressure is substance abuse. Tobacco, alcohol and  illegal drugs are all substances that teenagers are pressured into using and abusing. Most teenagers who try alcohol do so around the age of 13, 8 years before the legal drinking age. The American Lung Association reports 3.1 million teenagers smoke. Approximately 30% of teenagers are offered, given or sold drugs in highs school or in middle school. These are some very disturbing statistics. When you give in to pressure you’re letting down those around you who thought they knew you better. When your own sense of self and the admiration of those around you are very important things to consider, you also need to think about more serious consequences of peer pressure. Alcohol, tobacco and illegal drugs are all addicting. They are dangerous to your health in many ways and are often hard to quit once you have become dependent upon them. These substances can lead to negative consequences such as cancer, drug overdose and even death. Source: www.Buzzle.com 4 Second Main Point Second, one of the most emotional peer pressures we face is related to image ; the way we dress our height, our weight, how we act, and who we hang out with. These are all things that define us that we can ultimately be pressured into changing. Bullying and teasing go hand in hand with how we feel about ourselves. Self-esteem gives a huge blow when peer pressure causes us to change who we are. It is all about fitting in. that’s the number one thing why we yield to peer pressure. Teenagers are naturally afraid of rejection. They want to feel like they belong and that they are cool. While it’s perfectly normal to want to fit in, it doesn’t mean you have to change who you are or sacrifice your beliefs and your values. When you give in to peer pressure you lose yourself. You are giving up your free will and your voice and falling through the cracks just to be like somebody else Third Main Point A final peer pressure were going to discuss is positive forms of peer pressure. We know that peer pressure means encouraging people similar to us to do certain things, but it doesn’t always have to be bad. Some good forms of peer pressure include encouraging your friends to participate in sports  or other activities, or even volunteering together. Convincing someone to tell the truth, helping someone with homework or encouraging kids at school to come to church are all very positive forms of peer pressure. Peer pressure is not always bad. It can help you analyze yourself and contemplate on your ways of life. Some of the practices that the masses follow may 5 actually teach you the way of living. You may be able to change yourself for the better. Looking at what others do, can help you bring about a positive change in your way of thinking. If you can pick selectively, peer pressure can actually result in a positive change in your way of life. III. Conclusion Recap/Summary These three kinds of peer pressure happen to everyone at some point, substance abuse, emotional, and positive forms of peer pressure. Whether everyone or no one caves in we all have been peer pressured or will be in all these ways. This summarizes this informative speech. C. Audience Imprint 6 Bibliography www.faqs.org www.Buzzle.com www.Thecoolspot.gov www.aacap.org/peerpressure ianrpubs.unl.edu

linguistic feature in fairy tale

Once upon a time†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..these four little words reverberates in the souls of the children and flies their little mind into the imaginative world of magic, fairies, demons, witches, talking wolf who is always ready to capture small and pretty children in its enthralling and devilish jaws. These words squeeze the heart of the children while taking them into the world of fantasy. These words are the starting point of the fairy tales that children love to hear and enjoys every moment of it. They have a universal appeal and are timeless, though depicting the culture of the time in which they are written. The fairy tales are unique in themselves and their uniqueness lies in the distinctive and thematic appeal with which they carry themselves. Despite their typical approach there is an ample scope for creativity and inculcate within children the values that are landed from generation to generation in their innocent world. Several types of narrative styles and techniques form the part of fairy tails, yet all are distinct especially in the relationship which is developed between writer and audience. The genre lies in teaching the children and adults alike putting them into the textual journey before it starts. The basic characteristic of the fairy tale lies in the approach which the writers take in exploiting the narrative and linguistic features to the full capacity. The traditional folk tales which used to belong to oral traditions used to depend on their exceptional characteristics like prosodic phonology, intonation, the use of pauses, rhythm, the different qualities of voice, as well as on paralinguistic codes, among which gestures, mimicry, eye contact etc. Though written narratives cannot imply all these yet have developed their own independent style of narration. (Bruti, â€Å"Which narrative features†, 1999, para.17) The narrative form is encoded in a linguistic form by the use of the initial/final fixed phrases. (Bruti, â€Å"Which narrative features†, 1999, para.16). The linguistic forms further depend in the genre and on the readers for which they are written. The main role of the linguistic form is to provide information with evidences in form of tales. One of the fixed phrases lies in the tradition of the opening and closing formula, a typical example of which is â€Å"Once upon a time† and â€Å"lived happily ever after†. These expressions associate the closeness between writer and children. It creates enthusiasm among the readers and suspends their disbelief in world of fantasy in which the writer is taking them, for e.g. talking of animals, princess turning into frog unless Prince comes to kiss her and bring her to original human form etc. Besides these ritual formulas, the linguistic features include the maximum use of repetitions for making expressions and for the events to unfold. The repetition helps in the easy understanding of the texts, which reflects the mark of the oral tradition.   Other basic linguistic features are the redundant structures and they also found similarity to the oral narratives.   Ellipsis and co-ordination is the characteristic feature of redundant structure, which evolves due to the fact that writers write the stories from the children angle and organizes the information in such a manner that they brings out the actual knowledge that should be imbibed to the children. The other beauty of the fairly tale is the absence of detailed description. The physical description of characters is given more prominence then going deep into their nature and inner attributes. This is done to give semantic clarity and uniqueness. And in many fairy tales characters never change physically for e.g. If the y are young, they will ever remain young. The author can give in many cases some spatial or temporal information, for e.g. The case of hyperbolic distances like, he rode on a horse for thousands miles. Writers also have full scope for temporal deviations that means they can temporarily deviate from the original path to put the excitement and enthusiasm among the readers with the help of creating the impact of visualizations. Another feature that gives punch to the story is the impulse of the protagonists that is directly heard, and which derives him or her to comment and unfold the events taking place to create the influence on the readers. This feature is called as a Conative function, which according to dictionary means mental process or behavior directed towards action or change and including impulse, desire, volition, and striving. The tenses are used frequently in the narration. The Tenses may be either â€Å"commutative† or â€Å"narrative†: A commutative attitude comes with the involvement of the speaker, and his addressees. Narrative verb brings about detached attitude. Tenses are also classified into two categories, the retrospective, which depicts the past events, and the perspective, which takes the readers to the future. Then the verbs are also used to describe the background actions. In fairy tales, that exclusively needs to be notified is about the content or we call the theme which is ordinary i.e. it shows the reality of the life and reality of the world but its beauty lies in the context of fiction and fantasy where it is fitted which makes it more interesting and enthusiastic for the readers. It implies on the ordinary daily objects too like a mirror in which we look at ourselves. It shows the beauty of the princess but this mirror is used in a Snow White as a magic mirror having powers to show the witch her ugliness and update her about the Snow white. In many fairy tales like in the Danish fantastic tales for children, which as told in , Den fantastiske fortà ¦lling i dansk borne literatur 1967 – 2003 , there is an extensive use of figurative language, specially natural metaphors and playing with the popular phrases and clichà ©s. There is also distinguish between two traditions in fantastic tales, one is content oriented epic tradition and the other is language oriented experimental tradition.   The first trend is more communicative and the second trend included language that is easily grasped and makes an exclusive sense to the readers. There are also linguistic games and digressions, meta-linguistic elements, which more focus on the communicative style but not the content. (Centre for Children's Literature, Denmark). Fairy tales are part of the children's lives, and their world. They immerse in the children the sense of belongingness to the Supernatural elements and rejuvenate their souls and give them encouragement. Though the prince, snow white, little red ridding hood, tough princess are all fictions but are part of the children's life so the language of these fairy tales is the language of the children. References 1. Bruti Silvia, November 1999. Approaching Writing Skills through Fairy Tales, The Internet,   TESL Journal Vol. V, No. 11, (Online). Available:  Ã‚  (11 March 2007) 2. Centre for Children's Literature, Denmark. Center for bornelitteratur. (Online). Available: http://www.cfb.dk/site.aspx?p=766 (11 March 2007) 3. Godard Barbara, 1979. Crawford's Fairy Tales, SCL/ELC Volume 4.1 1979 (Online). Available:   http://www.lib.unb.ca/Texts/SCL/bin/get.cgi?directory=vol4_1/;filename=godard.htmhttp://ww (11 March 2007) 4. Hà ©bert Louis, 2006. The Functions of Language, in Louis Hà ©bert, (dir.), Signo [on-line]         Ã‚  Ã‚  Rimouski (Quebec), (Online). Available: http://www.signosemio.com. (11 March 2007) ;

Distributed Spanning Tree Algorithm essays

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Books Every Student Should Read - EssaySupply.com

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