The Major Drivers Of Humanity s Ecological Footprint Are...

1) Introduction â€Å"The two major drivers of humanity’s ecological footprint are population and consumption† (Sherbinin). With population on the rise, it is becoming a growing concern the negative effects population has on the environment. So how much is population actually growing? Where and why is it growing so rapidly? And how can we minimize its effects on our environment? Well, the world population is higher now than it ever has been before and the United Nations World Population Prospects presents a medium variant projection by 2050 of 9.2 billion people and still growing, although at a significantly reduced rate. Most of the projected growth is expected to occur in the developing world, increasing from 5.4 to 7.9 billion (Sherbinin). So, it is widely accepted that the global population has been on the rise for a number of years now and will continue to grow for the foreseeable future reaching record-breaking numbers. But what kind of impacts do these recording breaking numbers have on our environment? This is where consumption plays a major role. Consumption trends are somewhat difficult to predict because they depend more heavily than population projections on global economic conditions, efforts to pursue sustainable development, and potential feedback from the environmental systems. Nevertheless, several indicators of consumption have grown at rates well above population growth in the past century (Sherbinin). Consequently, if consumption trends of the current globalShow MoreRelatedEco-Buddhism7194 Words   |  29 Pagesinto our awareness: the solution to any discomfort we might have is consumption.   Needless to say, this all-pervasive conditioning is incompatible with the liberative path of Buddhism.   Consumption has replaced religion and citizenship as the way we participate in society.   It is one of  4 Megaphenomena  that have ‘spiked’ in intensity over the last century, combining to create unprecedented danger for the biosphere. Population growth, carbon gas emissions and species extinctions are the otherRead MoreClimate Change And Its Effects On Economic Growth Essay8671 Words   |  35 Pagesclimate change in Kenya is undeniable, while its effects on economic growth are no more mysterious; rather, they are rapidly unfolding to a startling reality and concern for humanity. 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The Impact of Domestic Violence on Children - 1778 Words

From as long as our history can remember, America has been littered with the disease of domestic violence. Domestic violence is the act of abusing or being abused (physically, verbally, or mentally) by someone you live with. Consequently, the rate of children witnessing domestic violence has soared through the roofs to about 3 billion each year. Because domestic violence usually takes place at home, it psychologically alternates the state of children and creates huge impacts on them, their lives, and their futures. Several types of domestic violence we usually hear describing domestic violence include physical abuse, sexual abuse, emotional abuse, and extortion. Physical abuse is the most common type of violence. This involves punching,†¦show more content†¦With no self-control and not being able to express their emotions healthily, most usually exploding because of all that they have kept inside of them, children end up having poor relationships with their peers, which quickly weakens their sense of worth. Domestic violence is unfortunately capable of taking away from a kid’s learning ability and memory. The more traumatic an experience a child has been through, the more likely they are to forget things that they once were able to. This tragic fact has a huge effect on a childs performance throughout school, with common speech setbacks and a large insufficient amount of problem solving skills and conflict resolutions. When grades begin to fall, children are then in classes that are not sufficient in preparing them for success. Long-term problems are inescapable for young placed children who constantly and repeatedly, helplessly watch domestic violence inside their homes, a place supposed to be a safe and warm place. The sad truth is that most people who witness domestic violence as children also see it as adults; males are likely to engage in domestic violence, while females are likely to become victims and the other way around. With this kind of regularity of violence, it is l ikely that the cycle will continue in their families and so on. There are several more problems that children experience that started off from domestic violence. Most children who grow up in a violent home developShow MoreRelatedThe Impact of Domestic Violence on Children661 Words   |  3 PagesQuestion 1 There are many consequences of not taking a strong stance against domestic abuse and the later impact on the children in the situation. Even if the children are not involved in the actual abuse, they are still negatively impacted by the presence of domestic violence in their households (Osofsky 1990). When abuse is condoned or ignored in a domestic relationship, children can begin to assume that is a normal occurrence, which can be a concept they carry with them for the rest of theirRead MoreEssay on The Impact of Domestic Violence on Children2365 Words   |  10 Pagesascertain the effects of living with domestic violence on children conducted psychological test to measure children’s competency and development. Development psychologists experimented on children in laboratory settings, if the level of competency demonstrated by a child was below average for their age and stage of development, witnessing domestic violence was deemed to be the cause. To know whether a child ha s been harmed by their experiences we need to how ‘normal’ children function and develop (ArchardRead MoreDomestic Violence Has A Negative Impact On Children1568 Words   |  7 PagesOpen your eyes: Domestic violence has a negative impact on children. Being 8 years old and growing up witnessing domestic violence in my household was hard. â€Å"About 70% of domestic violence between couples goes unreported (S.N)† The reason the rate is so high is because fear overcomes the victim. The lack of someone being able to sit down and talk without being scared of getting home and getting beaten by their partner is bad, the reason of not being able to just sit down and talk to someone justRead More Case Study: Impact on Children of Substance Abuse, Domestic Violence, and Mental Illness2706 Words   |  11 PagesStudies have shown that children who grow up in families where there is substance misuse, mental illness or domestic violence are more vulnerable to significant harm (Kendall-Taylor and Mikulak 2009).Children’s vulnerability usually stems from the effects of substance misuse, domestic violence or mental illness on parenting ability. Substance misuse, domestic violence and mental illness can result in parent’s fi nding it difficult to organize their lives to meet both their personal needs and theirRead MoreEffects of Domestic Violence on Children1124 Words   |  5 PagesThe biggest victims of domestic violence are the littlest. The home is a suppose to be a safe and secure environment for children with loving parents and free from violence. Children need a secure environment where they can come home to when the outside world is unsafe. However, every year there are millions of children who’s homes are not a safe haven. Millions of children are exposed to a parent being violently assaulted. Domestic violence is a prevalent social issue in America today. First, whoRead MoreEssay on The Gravity of Domestic Violence in America1423 Words   |  6 Pages the gravity of domestic violence in America has been disregarded and glossed over; perhaps it is because 60 percent of all domestic violence takes place at home. 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Children who are exposed to domestic violence tend to exhibit more aggressive behaviors with their peers, show signs of depression, and have a difficult time forming relationships (Brown Bzostek, 2003). Cognitively, studies have shown that children exposed to domestic violence may have difficulties learning and concent rating in school, have difficulties with conflict resolution skillsRead MoreThe Effects Of Domestic Violence On Children915 Words   |  4 Pagessignificant impacts not only on the victims, but also on the society. Though, some abuses have minor impacts, but most of the abuses have long-term affect and some of them of the affects of abuse stay for decades. In an article, â€Å"The Hidden Consequence Of Domestic Violence Linger For Decades†, from Think Progress, the author Tara Culp-Ressler wrote, â€Å"You’re at a higher risk for some of the largest health problems that our country is facing today† which informs that the victims of domestic violence are at

Effects of Poverty on Enrollment in Ecde free essay sample

This chapter consist of the background of the study, statement of the problem, purpose of the study, objective of the study, research questions, significance of the study, limitations, scape of the study and operational definition. 1. 1 BACGROUND OF THE STURDY When a counting is faced with challenges of ensuring the provision of child care services becomes too wide for the state . In this case foster care and more extensive adoption programe are preferred to be practiced. However, there will always be situation where there is a shortage of forster parent and you will be requiring orphanage to provide care for the children. Most charity homes that have provided children services for example; Mama Ngina children Home and Dada Mary children Rehabilation center increasingly focusing their effort on community based care to keep them in the extended families. Due to profound changes in Kenya in the mid 80’s has been the formation of street to children who run away from their families to the streets. We will write a custom essay sample on Effects of Poverty on Enrollment in Ecde or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This 21’st century extra ordinary episodes are seeminly related to the degeneration social value and socio-economic hardship of the day. Research by Vonda sharnk to Herman (1992) has shorwn that there is maltreatment of children. Parents as care takes era legally responsible for supporting and providing for children. But in the absence of these or any relatives willingly to care for the children they become award of the state. By looking at the number of children seen on the roaming on the streets there raising a need to find out the root course so that a lasting solution is found. AVERT international organization (2005) describes the rnumber of orphans and vulnerable children in the past three decades in Africa as an explosion. AVERT estimate the number at 46% of all children inâ€Å"need of care and protection† as AIDS orphans. AVERT further agues that family structures in Africa can not cope because of numbe of orphans and vunrable children. It is likely that at this time the situation is unbearable and there is need to conduct a research to find out the real effect of child abuse on performance on ECDE center in Tingolo Zone . It appears that the exodus of children to urban areas is related to child abuse. According to the Republic of Kenya (2007) every child should have a right to life, survival, development , parent care, name and nationality registration at birth , on discrimination protection from all forms of abuse, education, privacy, leisure, priper and adequate nutrition, health care and parental spiritual guidance. But in the absence of the above rights, the child feels being abused and neglected hence performance of the child reduces. It has been noticed that members of the community and individual look the request knowledge about child rights hence resulting into cases received in the media on child abuse. In urban as well as rural areas, the number of working children is alarming seemingly these large numbers tells of children dropping out of school or never given a chance to join ECDE center in the first place. These group of children are likely not to join school unless something is done to rescuer this from the streets. The crime and prostitution rate already being practiced in the society is done this from the streets. The crime and prostitution rate already being practiced in the society is soar. The implication of pre-mature deaths from drug abuse, police shootings and HIV/AIDS. Mr Njenga says that we shall be gong to waste as we stand to loose a generation that would have given back to the society. It is therefore reasonable to conclude that child abuse is issure in the society that need to be investigated 1. 2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM. It has been noticed that ECO children learn a great deal through observation and imitation. Parents take a bigger fraction of child’s environment hence they have a significant role in determining what a child learn especially through odservation and imitation at it forms behavior. This is according to skinner behaviorism theory of learning. Parents should display traits and behaviour that can be imitated by the children yet some of them may not be in a position to possess qualiies that are desirable for learners to emulate. Besides that they may not provide for the child’s holistic devolopement because of ignorance that that only a certain amount of education can remove in this regard it is assumed that a parent with reasonable education should be able to nurture a child into asocially acceptable human being. It has been observed that many children from parents thought of as having some educationseem not to get adequate care in early stages of life. This study wil therefore be dsigned to try to determine the effect of child abuse early development and education in Tingolo Zone Busia county. 1. 3 THE PURPOSE OF THE STUDY The purpose of the study is to investigate the effects of child abuse on perfomancce in ECD centers in Tingolo Zone Busia county. 1. 4 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY The study wil be guided dy the following objectives; I. To find out the cause of the child abuse in Tingolo Zone Busia county. II. To investigate incicideence of child abuse in early childhood Development Education center in Tingolo Zone Busia county. III. To determine the effects of child abuse of performance in Tingolo Zone Busia county. 1. 5 RESEARCH QUESTIONS. I. What are some of the causes of child abuse in Tingolo Zone Busia county? II. Which incidence of child are observed or reported in ECDE center? III. How dose child abuse affect the performance of children in ECDE centers? 1. 6 SCOPE OF THE STUDY. The study will be conducted in Tiongolo Zone Busia county. The research study will collect information in 10 pre-school and lower primary. 1. 7 LIMITATION OF THE STUDY. The researcher will find it hard to prepare and do research study in time due to; I. Luck of enough funds to carry out the research since it will involve a lot of movement. II. Poor weather conditions, that is alote of rain leading poor transportation network III. The researcher may face the problemof uncoperativeness in that most of the people in the area of the study may not be free to axpress their views due to fear of the people in the area. IV. The researcher may also face a problem of hostility among some community in the area of the study. V. The researcher may also face the problem of language barrier hence 1. 8 DELIMITATION To delimit these problems; I. The researcher will use her own means of transport so as to eliminate extra transport. II. The researcher will cary out the study during the day. III. The resaecher will communicate easily with the subject under the study by use of their native language. 1. 9 ABREVIATION OF TERMS. ECDE: Early Childhood Development Education HIV : Human Immune Deficiency Syndrome. AIDS : Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome FPE : Free Primary Education. NU : United Nation UK : United Kingdom CDF : Constituency Development Funds IDP : Iternally Displaced Person CRISP: Child Right International surport prigram CCO : Community Child Organization Center GOK : Government Of Kenya. CHAPTER TWO LITERATURE REVIWE 2. 1 INTRODUCTION The chapter focused and review of literature by other people and their contribution on the effect of child abuse on ECDE Centre, the incidents of child abuse in ECDE, causes of child abuse in ECDE and effect of child abuse performance in ECDE 2. 2 THEORIES OF CHILD ABUSE Mumbi (2004) quotes the minister for health Mrs. Charity Ngilu say that there should be basic hygiene. According to Mrs. Ngilu parents and other care takers should be sensitized on the need of providing nutritious food and clean water to their children so as to enable their children grow healthy which in turn improve their academic performance in there learning environment Swift C. R (1984) says that poverty iss often associated with under ntririon, poor medical care and pre-maturity which in turn are associated with above average incidences of psychological maladjustments. Psychological stress in life may contribute to the onset of illness which may affect performance of the child both in playground in accademics. Murithi (2005) argues thst Kenya has been pushed into a great situation of distinction between the rich and poor. This discrimination has affected the performance of the children. However the GOK has tried to find povety in the county by disbursing C. D. F to help the development project for both adults and children. The gorverment has slso through CRISP disbursed financial assistance to primary and C . C. O center to select districts in the county to umprove infrastructure and learning materials in their institutions. These are effects to cental poverty in our constituency and county. Despite the government’s effort to eradicate poverty and provide basic needs to children the provisions is still found to be serious problem and other stakeholders in the education are called uporn to join hands in this process. 2. 3 INCIDDENCES OF CHILD ABUSE Many incidence of child abuse may be silently taking place in child institution, homes and families without anybody realizing. The standard ( Nov. 19, 2008)- The Helpline Director and children department reported that over 300 child abuse cause were handled in three months’ time and ten percent of the causes handled were boys related. Daily Nation (Nov. 19, 2008) states that more boys in the post have been rescued from streets than ever before. There are more boys than there are girls on the streets which means that boys are being abused more at homes. As though this was not enough, the standard (March 11, 2008) reported that the Roman catholic church in the US paid out 615 million dollars in 2009 for child sex abuse case involving members of the allergy, or fifty four percent more than the previous years. Likely new of boys being abused tends to be reported in many cases because they are openly seen on the streets than there are girls. There might be a lot happening on girls silently and not being voiced by the suffers for fear of losing some privilages enjoyed and even being threatened for dire consequences, The study will found a large rate of exploitation and abuse, slave, child ponography, sexual assult, child prostitution and child trafficking. Brian ( Daily Nation, Nov. 9, 2008) states that the civil society organization have crcked the whip on people who abuse girls so often and had that result has been that child abusers has shifted their on welcome attention to boys. But on the country, it’s likely that girls may be undergoing some bitter moments in the hands of friends, parents and relatives. Weke ( Daily Nation, Nov. 19, 2008) says that incidents of sexual abuse on boys have increasedin the past few months. A number of sodomy cases have been received from school and other institution and even rehabilitation center. It is likely that a lot is happening silently and these children may be undergoing a terminating period in their lifetime perpetrators may even be changing their tactics of committing the crime. Contradiction is brought between the statistics in the children’s department and those in the county education office on children in ECDE centers. Statistics shows that few girls have been enrolled in ECDE centers in Tingolo Zone as compared to the total population of children in Tingolo Zone. There are 5,000 children under age of eight years in Tingolo Zone of which more than half are boys. Staistics in ECDE officr, Busia county shows that more boys than girls have been enrollde in ECDE center in Tingolo Zone. This contradicts what Brian sy that child abuses have shifted their attention to boys. It is most likely that girls are silently being destroyed without anybody’s knowledge. 2. 4 CAUSES OF CHILD ABUSE According to the Numerous Foundation ( 1995) many children run away from home due to problems with their families may be this seems to be due to violence in the family, peer pressure, problems at the school, separation of parents or arrival of step parents. Sreets are just a replacement of these problems that children run away from and this takes differen wsys like sexual abuse, development of criminal, traits in children and the raise of leading to child labour. Children trafficking and deaths from deaths from malnutrition and mob justice, transmission of disease like HIV/AIDS. However, few of these cases are reported due to stigmatization, fear of reprisal or fear of the tedious process of seeking justice in Kenya. Wisdom (1989) child abuse is manifested in various forms like sexual abuse, neglect, physical abuse, and emotional. It is more likely that in Kenya not every suspicion or situation is child maltreatment. Abuse and neglect is reported to the authorities. As a result the number of reports likely under reprensents the number of result the number of reports likely urnder represents the number of children who actualy suffer from maltreatement, abuse and neglect. Nairobi African Network for the preventation and protection against chld abuse (2000) notes that many African communities, povety and lack of proper parentating skills play a major role in child maltreatment abuse and neglect ( Japheth, Daily Nation ). 2. 5 THE EFFECTS OF CHILD ABUSE ON PERFORMANCE IN ECDE. Network (2000) children suffering abuse develop arrange of maladaptive, anti-social and self-destructive behavior and thoughts by trying to cope with the abuse by trying to understand the situation and why the abuse is happening. They come up with ideas about what they did to cause the abuse and what they do differently to avoid the abuse. Children also develop a range of maladaptive behavior which can become pathological problems. It is likely that freezing and disassociates response behave demonstrated by some toddlers and pre-scholar are associated with maltreatment of these children. The study done response to maltreatment in which individuals separate their painful experiences from conscious awareness. The use of disassociation protects the children against overwhelming emotions and thoughts about maltreatment.

Pastoralism Is An Economy Based On Herding. Pastoralists Maintain Herd

Pastoralism is an economy based on herding. Pastoralists maintain herds of animals and use their products to support themselves directly and to exchange with other civilizations. It is especially associated with such terrain as steppes, rolling hills, grasslands, and the like-areas of low rainfall where cultivation is difficult without irrigation, but where grasses are plentiful enough to support herds of animals.1 Pastoralism was originally founded in the old world. Pastoralists are generally nomadic and usually follow their herds in search of food and water. Pastoral civilizations tend to be warlike and they have a difficult time trying to live at peace with settled agricultural populations. In areas where pastoralists and cultivators are in contact , the pastoralists generally have the advantage in prestige due to their superior military striking power.2 I will illustrate a few examples of pastoral groups that are warlike to prove that the first half of the statement is true. The Masai live among the wild animals on the rolling plains of the Rift Valley, one of the most beautiful parts of Africa.3 The Masai are strictly cattle herders. They do not farm the land, believing it to be a sacrilege to break the earth.3 In contrast to their peaceful and harminous relationship to the wildlife, however, the Masai are warlike in relationship to their neighboring tribes, conducting cattle raids where they take women as well as cattle for their prizes and they have been fiercely independent in resisting the attempts of colonial governments to change or subdue them.3 The amount of land that the Masai require for their enormous herds of cattle is not appreciated by people who use and value the land more for agriculture than for pasturage and for herds of wild animals. Many people view the Masai as thieves, but they do not believe in stealing material objects. They have strict laws against those that do steal material objects. They believe that when they raid other vill ages and steal their cattle it is seen as returning the cattle to their rightful owners. This belief stems from the notion that all cattle on the earth are theirs, and any cattle they do not presently own are only temporarily out of their care, and must be recaptured.3 It from the basic belief, an entire culture has grown. The ground or area that the cattle graze is considered sacred, everything from the grass the cattle eat to the water they drink. This is why that it is sacrilege for them to break the ground. The Indians of the Great Plains can be considered pastoral or nomadic group. They hunted the buffalo or bison on the plains. The buffalo regulated their lives, they followed the herds since it was their main source for food. They would move when the buffalo moved setting up camps with the herds. The Indians of the great plains were definitely warlike. They raided other tribes for women, horses, and food. They would extinguish anyone who crossed their land and attempted to raid their village. They performed war dances or ghost dances to get themselves prepared for war. The premise of warfare was common among all tribes on the Great Plains, but it goes hand in hand with the buffalo herds. The Hittites of Ancient Mesopotamia were a pastoral group that herded sheep, goats, and camel in the desert region located on the outskirts of Mesopotamia. They were one of the first nomadic groups to domestic the horse. Once they domesticated the horse it spelled doom for the groups in the surrounding areas. The Hittites could move farther and faster with their herds. They would destroy everything that got in the way of their herds. They destroyed several agricultural city-states and wiped out several cultures in the process. On the other hand it is true that pastoralist societies cannot live without agricultural societies because pastoralism is not a self-sufficient way of life. Pastoralism is a highly specialized form of food production involving the care of large animals. It has survived mostly in places which cannot support agriculture but can provide sufficient pasture for a herd, as well as secondary hunting-gathering opportunities. Even though they are nomadic pastoral societies tend to be more stratified and have more social